Back RT Afrikaans آر تي (شبكة تلفاز) Arabic RT Azerbaijani RT Byelorussian RT Bulgarian আরটি (টিভি নেটওয়ার্ক) Bengali/Bangla RT Catalan ئاڕ تی CKB RT (televizní stanice) Czech Russia Today CV

RT (TV network)

"Russia Today" redirects here. Not to be confused with Rossiya Segodnya or Russian Federation Today.
"ANO TV-Novosti" redirects here. Not to be confused with RIA Novosti.
"RTTV" redirects here. Not to be confused with RTVI.

RT
TypeState media,[1]
news channel,
propaganda[2]
CountryRussia
Broadcast areaWorldwide
HeadquartersMoscow
Programming
Language(s)News channel:
English, French, Arabic & Spanish
Documentary channel:
English, French, Russian
Online platforms:
German[3]
Picture format1080i (HDTV)
(downscaled to 16:9 480i/576i for the SDTV feed)
Ownership
OwnerANO "TV-Novosti"[4]
Sister channels
History
Launched10 December 2005 (2005-12-10) (registered on 6 April 2005)[8]
Former namesRussia Today (2005–2009)
Links
Websitewww.rt.com Edit this at Wikidata
Availability
Terrestrial
Sky New Zealand12394 H
FoxtelLCN 658
MongolsatLCN 63
CBTV SatLCN 78
LaoSat TVLCN 123
Airtel digital TVLCN 398
RT's first logo from 2005 to 2009

RT (formerly Russia Today or Rossiya Segodnya; Russian: Россия Сегодня)[9] is a Russian state-controlled[1] international news television network funded by the Russian government.[16][17] It operates pay television and free-to-air channels directed to audiences outside of Russia, as well as providing Internet content in Russian, English, Spanish, French, German and Arabic.

RT is a brand of TV-Novosti - self-named an "autonomous non-profit organization" (ANO) - founded by the Russian state-owned news agency RIA Novosti in April 2005.[8][18] During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government, headed by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, included ANO "TV-Novosti" on its list of core organizations of strategic importance to Russia.[19][20][21] RT operates as a multilingual service with channels in five languages: the original English-language channel was launched in 2005, the Arabic-language channel in 2007, Spanish in 2009, German in 2014 and French in 2017. RT America (2010–2022),[22][23] RT UK (2014–2022) and other regional channels also produce local content. RT is the parent company of the Ruptly video agency,[5] which owns the Redfish video channel and the Maffick digital media company.[6][7]

RT has regularly been described as a major propaganda outlet for the Russian government and its foreign policy.[2] Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of disinformation[58] and conspiracy theories.[65] UK media regulator Ofcom has repeatedly found RT to have breached its rules on impartiality, including multiple instances in which RT broadcast "materially misleading" content.[72]

In 2012, RT's editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan compared the channel to the Russian Ministry of Defence.[73] Referring to the Russo-Georgian War, she stated that it was "waging an information war, and with the entire Western world".[17][74] In September 2017, RT America was ordered to register as a foreign agent with the United States Department of Justice under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.[75]

RT was banned in Ukraine in 2014 after Russia's annexation of Crimea;[76] Latvia and Lithuania implemented similar bans in 2020.[77][78] Germany banned RT DE in February 2022.[79] During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Union and Canada formally banned RT and independent service providers in over 10 countries suspended broadcasts of RT.[80][81][82] Social media websites followed by blocking external links to RT's website and restricting access to RT's content.[83][84] Microsoft removed RT from their app store and de-ranked their search results on Bing,[85][86] while Apple removed the RT app from all countries except for Russia.[87]

  1. ^ a b [10]: 2070 [11][12]: 4 [13]: 2 [14][15]: Implications 
  2. ^ a b [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]: 2 [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
  3. ^ "About RT (formerly corporate profile)". RT International. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  4. ^ "Contact info". RT International. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
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  6. ^ a b Moore, Matthew (10 February 2018). "Company behind Grenfell YouTube film has links to Kremlin". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  7. ^ a b O'Sullivan, Donie; Griffin, Drew; Devine, Curt; Shubert, Atika (18 February 2019). "Russia is backing a viral video company aimed at American millennials". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  8. ^ a b File:ANO TV-Novosti (Federal Tax Service of Russia, Unified State Register of Legal Entities).pdf
  9. ^ Pisnia, Natalka (15 November 2017). "Why has RT registered as a foreign agent with the US?". BBC News. Washington. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  10. ^ a b Haigh, Maria; Haigh, Thomas; Kozak, Nadine I. (26 October 2018). "Stopping Fake News". Journalism Studies. 19 (14). Routledge: 2062–2087. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2017.1316681. ISSN 1461-670X. S2CID 152142122. Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Taylor & Francis.
  11. ^ a b Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Hartmann, Mareike; Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (1 September 2018). "State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation" (PDF). International Affairs. 94 (5). Oxford University Press: 975–994. doi:10.1093/ia/iiy148. ISSN 0020-5850. Retrieved 20 March 2021. Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.
  12. ^ a b Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017). "How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework" (PDF). European Security. 26 (2). Taylor & Francis: 153–170. doi:10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162. S2CID 157635419. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022 – via Charles University.
  13. ^ a b Al-Rawi, Ahmed (12 February 2021). "How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge?". Digital War. 2 (1–3). Palgrave Macmillan: 21–34. doi:10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4. ISSN 2662-1983. S2CID 258704949.
  14. ^ Denton, Allison (16 April 2019). "Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign" (PDF). Boston University International Law Journal. 37. Boston University School of Law: 209. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby."
  15. ^ a b Nassetta, Jack; Gross, Kimberly (30 October 2020). "State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign misinformation". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. Harvard University: Harvard Kennedy School. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-45. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021. However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).
  16. ^ Fisher, Max (13 June 2013). "In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  17. ^ a b Nimmo, Ben (8 January 2018). "Question That: RT's Military Mission". Atlantic Council-Digital Forensic Research Lab. medium.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  18. ^ "Журнал Стандарт / №09(80) сентябрь 2009Вести с эфирного фронта | ComNews". www.comnews.ru. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
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  20. ^ Перечень системообразующих организаций, утвержденный Правительственной комиссией по повышению устойчивости развития российской экономики [List of systemically important institutions approved by the Government Commission on Sustainable Development of the Russian Economy] (in Russian). government.ru. Archived from the original (DOC) on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  21. ^ Правительство РФ приняло перечень системообразующих организаций [The Russian government has adopted a list of backbone organizations]. RBK Group (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
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  23. ^ Darcy, Oliver (4 March 2022). "RT America ceases productions and lays off most of its staff". CNN Business. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  24. ^ Sloss, David L. (12 April 2022). Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5036-3115-1. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2022 – via Google Books. Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.
  25. ^ Chobanyan, Karina (2020). Vartanova, Elena; Gladkova, Anna (eds.). "Up for a challenge? Digital practices of 24-hour news channels" (PDF). World of Media (3). Moscow State University: 50. ISSN 2686-8016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022. RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.
  26. ^ Cohen, Howard (May 2018). "Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Harvard University: Harvard Kennedy School. pp. 17–18. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022. Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT."
  27. ^ "Russia Uses State Television to Sway Opinion at Home and Abroad". Der Spiegel. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.
  28. ^ "В Минске задержаны двое стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly" [Two stringers of video agency Ruptly detained in Minsk]. Interfax (in Russian). 9 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT. [Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.]
  29. ^ Zara, Christopher (11 April 2019). "What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  30. ^ "RT's video agency Ruptly beats UK media to Julian Assange footage". Press Gazette. 11 April 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020. The footage captured by Ruptly showed Assange for the first time in about a year, now sporting a long white beard. He could be heard shouting "the UK has no sovereignty" and "the UK must resist this attempt by the Trump administration…" as he was dragged out by five police officers and put into a van.
  31. ^ Aro, Jessikka (6 March 2021). "Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation". Yle. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022. The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch.
  32. ^ Harris, Shane; Nakashima, Ellen (21 August 2020). "With a mix of covert disinformation and blatant propaganda, foreign adversaries bear down on final phase of presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  33. ^ Birnbaum, Emily (25 February 2019). "Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages". The Hill. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  34. ^ Langdon, Kate C.; Tismaneanu, Vladimir (9 July 2019). "Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What?". Putin's Totalitarian Democracy: Ideology, Myth, and Violence in the Twenty-First Century. Springer International. pp. 189–224. ISBN 978-3-030-20579-9. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via Google Books. Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text.
  35. ^ Reire, Gunda (2015). "Euro-Atlantic values and Russia's propaganda in the Euro-Atlantic space" (PDF). Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. 13 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via Center for International Studies. Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.
  36. ^ Benkler, Yochai; Faris, Rob; Roberts, Hal (October 2018). "Epistemic Crisis". Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 358. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-092362-4. OCLC 1045162158. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021. The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.
  37. ^ Karlsen, Geir Hågen (5 August 2016). "Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda". In Matláry, Janne Haaland; Heier, Tormod (eds.). Ukraine and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 199. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9. ISBN 978-3-319-32530-9. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via Google Books. The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.
  38. ^ Ižak, Štefan (January 2019). "(Ab)using the topic of migration by pro-Kremlin propaganda: Case study of Slovakia" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Politics. 12 (1). University of Economics in Bratislava / University of Ljubljana / Alma Mater Europaea: 58. ISSN 1338-1385. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022. Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).
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  51. ^ Walker, Christopher (2016). "The Hijacking of "Soft Power"" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 49–63. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0007. S2CID 31802016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via National Endowment for Democracy. State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.
  52. ^ Fletcher, Richard; Cornia, Alessio; Graves, Lucas; Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis (1 January 2018). "Measuring the reach of "fake news" and online disinformation in Europe" (PDF). Australasian Policing. 10 (2). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via Mediterraneo Cronaca. For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation.
  53. ^ Borges, Priscila Monteiro; Gambarato, Renira Rampazzo (29 January 2019). "The Role of Beliefs and Behavior on Facebook: A Semiotic Approach to Algorithms, Fake News, and Transmedia Journalism". International Journal of Communication. 13. USC Annenberg Press: 603–618. ISSN 1932-8036. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).
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  74. ^ ""Нет никакой объективности"" [There is no objectivity]. Kommersant (in Russian). 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2021. Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы. [Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.]
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